(38)W. Davies and P. Fouracre, eds., Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages, pp. 3-5.
    (39)B. Weiler and S. Maclean, eds., Representations on Power in Medieval Germany 800-1500, p.27; Widukind von Corvey, Res gestae Saxonicae/Die Sachsengeschichte(Lateinisch/Deutsch),p.71.
    (40)M. Innes, State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: the Middle Rhine Valley, 400-1000, pp.6-7.
    (41)W. Davies and P. Fouracre, eds., Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages, p. 6.
    (42)W. Davies and P. Fouracre, eds., Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages, p. 7.
    (43)S. Reynolds, "The Historiography of the Medieval State", in M. Bentley, ed., Companion to Historiography, p. 124.
    (44)W. Davies and P. Fouracre, eds., Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages, p. 7.
    (45)R Mckitterick, ed., The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000, p.49.
    (46)P. Fouracre, "Space, Culture and Kingdoms in the Early Middle Ages", in P. Linehan and J. L. Nelson, eds., The Medieval World, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 369.
    (47)W. Davies and P. Fouracre, eds., Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages, p.6.
    (48)M. Innes, State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: the Middle Rhine Valley, 400-1000, p. 165.
    (49)M. Innes, State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: the Middle Rhine Valley, 400-1000, pp. 253-254.
    (50)R. Mckitterick, ed., The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000, p.47.
    (51)当然，即使在中古早期，不同王国和不同时期的情况也是千差万别的。例如，在10世纪的德意志，国王与贵族的关系比加洛林王朝时期国王与贵族的关系显得更“平等”一些。只要公爵承认国王，就会受到国王的礼遇，成为“国王的朋友”(amicus regni)，即使曾经以武力对抗国王，也会得到国王的宽恕。亨利一世与巴伐利亚公爵阿努尔夫的关系就是如此。见Widukind von Corvey, Res gestae Saxonicae/Die Sachsengeschichte, p.71。
    (52)有关“公意”在中古早期政治实践过程中的意义的论述，见R. Mckitterick, ed.，The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000，pp.32-33;关于“会议政治”的考察，见T. Reuter, "Assembly Politics in Western Europe from the Eighth Century to the Twelfth", in P. Linehan and J. L. Nelson, eds., The Medieval World, pp. 432-450。
    (53)The Annals of St-Bertin, translated and annotated by J. L. Nelson, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991, p.32.
    (54)R. McKitterick, ed.，The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol.Ⅱ，Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p.6.
    (55)R. Mckitterick, ed.，The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000, p. 36.
    (56)W. Davies and P. Fouracre, eds.，Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages, pp. 4-5.
    (57)R. Mckitterick, ed.，The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000, p. 32.
    (58)W. Davies and P. Fouracre, eds., Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages, p.7.
    (59)S. Bagge, Kings, Politics, and the Right Order of the World in German Historiography: c. 950-1150, Leiden: Brill, 2002, pp. 74, 81-82.有关这几次贵族反叛活动的史料，见Widukind von Corvey, Res gestae Saxonicae/Die Sachsengeschichte, Book Ⅱ and Book Ⅲ。
    (60)I. Wood, The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751, London: Longman, 1994, p.99.
    (61)I. Wood, The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751, p.100.
    (62)S. MacLean, Kingship and Politics in Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p.231.
    (责任编辑：刘晓东)