[41] Edward Rhods.China's Republican Revolution:The Case of Kwangtung,1895～1913[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1975.
    [42] Mary Rankin.Early Chinese Revolutionaries:Radical Intellectuals in Shanghai and Chejiang,1902～1911[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press 1971.
    [43] Evelyn Rawski.Education and Popular Literacy in Qing China[M].Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1979.
    [44] Daniel Overmyer,Folk Buddhist Religion.Dissenting Sects in Late Traditional China [M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1976.
    [45] Suan Naquit.Millenarian Rebellion in China:The Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1976.
    [46] Hilary Beattle.Land and Lineage in China:A Study of Tungcheng County,Anhui in the Ming and Qing Dynasties [M].Cambridge University Press 1979.
    [47] David Kornbluth.Ku Yen-Wu and the Reform of Loal Administration[J].Selected Paters form the Centre of Chinese Studies,University of Chicago,No.1,1975～1976.
    [48] Frederic Wakeman,Jr..High Qing:1683～1839[J].in Modern East Asia:Essays in Interpretation,ed.By James B.Crowley.New York:Harcourt,Brace and world,1997.
    [49] Jerry Dennerline.Hsu Tu and the Lesson of Nanking:Political Integration and the Local Defense in Chiangnan,1663-1645[A].Jonathan Spence,John Wills,Jr.,ed..From Ming to Ching:Conquest,Region and Continuity in the Seventeenth Century China[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1979.
    [50] A.Fogel.Politics and Sinology:The Case of Nalto Konan,1866～1934[M].Cambridge,Mass:Haruard University Press,1984.
    [51] Huang Ray.1587,A Year of No Significance:The Ming Dynasty in Decline[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1981.
    [52] John Chaffee.The Thorny Gates of Learning in Song China:A Social History of Examinations [M].Cambridge University Press,1985.
    [53] Lui Adam Y.C..The Practical Training of Government Officials under the Early Qing,1644～1795[J].Asia Major,(16),1971.
    [54] Lui Adam Y.C..The Academies under the Qing[J].Journal of Asian History,(7),1973.
    [55] 斯特鲁菲．Ambivalence and Action:Some Frustrated Scholars of the Kangxi Period[A].From Ming to Qing:Quest,Region and Continuity in Seventeenth Century China[M].ed.By Jonathan Spence and John Wills,Jr.,New Haven:Yale University Press,1979.
    [56] Frederic Wakeman.The Great Enterprise:The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth Centry China[M].Berkeley:University of California Press,1985.
    [57] Christian Jochin.The Imperial Audience Ceremonies of the Qing Dynasty[J].Society for the Study of Chinese Religions Bulletin,1979.
    [58] Angela Zito.Representing Sacrifice:Cosmology and the Editing of Texts[J].Issues concerning Qing History,No.2,1984.
    [59] John Wills.State Ceremony in Late Imperial China:Notes for a Framework for Discussion [A].Jonathan Spence and John Wills ed.,From Ming to Qing:Conquest,Region and Continuity in the Seventeenth Century China[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1979.
    [60] Adam Lui.Censor,Regent and Emperor in the Early Manchu Period,1644～1660[J].Papers on Far Eastern History,No.17,1978.
    [61] Kessler L.D..Kangxi and the Consolidation of Qing Rule,1648～1661[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1971.