(20)S.N.Kramer,“The Babel of Tongues:A Sumerian Version”,p.111. (21)S.N.Kramer,“Man's Golden Age:A Sumerian Parallel to Genesis XI.1”,p.192. (22)S.N.Kramer,“Man's Golden Age:A Sumerian Parallel to Genesis XI.1”,p.192,fn.3. (23)B.Alster,“An Aspect of‘Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta’”,Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale,Vol.67 (1973),p.104. (24)B.Alster,“An Aspect of‘Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta’”,p.105. (25)O.E.Gurney,“A Note on the Babel of Tongues”,Archiv für Orientforschung,Vol.25(1974-1977),p.170. (26)B.Alster,“Dilmun,Bahrain,and the Alleged Paradise in Sumerian Myth and Literature”,in D.T.Potts ed.,Dilmun.New Studies in the Archaeology and Early History of Bahrain,BBVO 2,Berlin:D.Reimer Verlag,1983,p.58. (27)Th.Jacobsen,The Harps that once...:Sumerian Poetry in Translation,pp.288-289,n.25. (28)Th.Jacobsen,“The Spell of Nudimmud”,p.416. (29)H.L.J.Vanstiphout,“Another Attempt at the‘Spell of Nudimmud’”,p.141. (30)H.L.J.Vanstiphout,“Another Attempt at the‘Spell of Nudimmud’”,p.151. (31)H.L.J.Vanstiphout,“Another Attempt at the‘Spell of Nudimmud’”,p.154. (32)H.L.J.Vanstiphout,“Another Attempt at the‘Spell of Nudimmud’”,p.147. (33)H.L.J.Vanstiphout,“Another Attempt at the‘Spell of Nudimmud’”,p.146. (34)学者们通常把苏美尔-阿卡德文明史划分为乌鲁克晚期(IV-III)、早王朝时期(I-III)、阿卡德王朝和乌尔第三王朝。早王朝I通常涵盖乌鲁克第一王朝。所以,有必要指出,本文所说的乌鲁克时期指乌鲁克中期和晚期(V-III),早王朝时期指乌鲁克第一王朝之后、阿卡德王朝建立之前的时期。 (35)在乌尔第三王朝的王室铭文中,从舒尔吉开始,国王的头衔中常有lugal-an-ub-da-límmu-ba“四极之王”或“四方之王”(如ulgi 1b,见H.Steible,Die Neusumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften,Tl.2,Stuttgart:Franz Steiner Verlag,1991,p.154)。在王室铭文中,“四极”或“四方”从未具体化,所以,其所指的地理范围不详。《恩美卡与阿腊塔王》的这个地方大概道出了铭文中的“四极”或“四方”的具体范围。有人认为,该句中的nígin(LAGAB,符号是一个方块)本身就象征着“普天下”(H.L.J.Vanstiphout,“Another Attempt at the‘Spell of Nudimmud’”,p.144,n.42)。 (36)详见后文。 (37)这种解释必须有一个前提,即体现在古巴比伦时期创世神话中的这种思想来自苏美尔人。但在目前所知的苏美尔文献中尚未发现反映这种思想的文学作品。 (38)大概指低下头来吃粮食。 (39)S.N.Kramer,Enki and Ninhursag:A Sumerian “Paradise” Myth,Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research.SupplementaryStudies,No.1,New Haven:American Schools of Oriental Research,1945. (40)B.Alster,“Dilmun,Bahrain,and the Alleged Paradise in Sumerian Myth and Literature”,p.58. (41)或作,见Th.Jacobsen,“The Eridu Genesis”,Journal of Bblical Literature and Exegesis,Vol.100,No.4 (1981),p.516。
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