①Robert Brenner,"Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe," Past and Present,no.70(Feb.,1976),p.39.
    ②Evsey D.Domar,"The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom:A Hypothesis," The Journal of Economic History,vol.30,no.1(Mar.,1970),pp.18-32.
    ③Douglass C.North and Robert Paul Thomas,"The Rise and Fall of the Manorial System:A Theoretical Model," The Journal of Economic History,vol.31,no.4(Dec.,1971),pp.784-785,790,778-779.
    ④Robert Millward,"An Economic Analysis of the Organization of Serfdom in Eastern Europe," The Journal of Economic History,vol.42,no.3(Sep.,1982),pp.513-548.
    ⑤"The Rights of the Villain to Pursue Every Kind of Action against Every Person Except His Lord,"in Paul Vinogradoff,Villainage in England:Essays in English Mediaeval History,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1968,pp.49-50.
    ⑥Paul Vinogradoff,Villainage in England:Essays in English Mediaeval History; F.Pollock and F.W.Maitland,The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I,vol.I,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1898.
    ⑦H.S.Bennett,Li fe on the English Manor:A Study of Peasant Conditions,1150-1400,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989; G.G.Coulton,The Medieval Village,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1925.
    ⑧R.H.Hilton,The Decline of Serfdom in Medieval England,London:Macmillan Press,1983; R.H.Hilton,The English Peasantry in the Later Middle Ages:The Ford Lectures for 1973 and Related Studies,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1975; R.H.Hilton,"Freedom and Villeinage in England," Past and Present,no.31(Jul.,1965),pp.3-19; E.A.Kosminsky,Studies in the Agrarian History of England in the Thirteenth Century,Oxford:Blackwell,1956; Jacques Le Golf,Your Money or Your Life:Economy and Religion in the Middle Ages,New York:Zone Books,1988; C.E.Petit-Dutaillis,The French Commune in the Middle Ages,Amsterdam and New York:North-Holland Pub.Co.,1978.
    (9)A.Macfarlane,The Origins of English Individualism,The Family,Property,and Social Transition,Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press，1979；哈罗德·J.伯尔曼：《法律与革命--西方法律传统的形成》，贺卫方等译，北京：中国大百科全书出版社，1993年；Paul R.Hyams,"The Proof of Villein Status in the Common Law," The English Historical Review,vol.89,no.353(Oct.,1974),pp.721-749.
    (10)Christopher Dyer,An Age of Transition? Economy and Society in England in the Later Middle Ages,Oxford:Clarendon Press,2005.
    (11)Marc Bloch,Feudal Society:Social Classes and Political Organization,trans.L.A.Manyon,vol.II,London:Routledge,2005,p.172.
    (12)M.M.Postan,ed.,The Cambridge Economic History of Europe,vol.I,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1966,p.266.
    (13)哈罗德·J.伯尔曼：《法律与革命--西方法律传统的形成》，第389页。
    (14)M.M.Postan,ed.,The Cambridge Economic History of Europe,vol.I,pp.266-267.
    (15)Paul Fouracre,"Marmoutier and Its Serfs in the Eleventh Century," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society,Sixth Series,vol.15,2005,pp.46-47.
    (16)转引自Paul Fouracre,"Marmoutier and Its Serfs in the Eleventh Century," pp.36-37.
    (17)Robert F.Berkhofer III,"Marriage,Lordship and the 'Greater Unfree' in Twelfth-Century France," Past and Present,no.173(Nov.,2001),pp.3-27.
    (18)在萨克森领地上有一种维兰索克曼(villain socmen)，介于自由佃户和维兰之间，详见Paul Vinogradoff,Villainage in England:Essays in English Mediaeval History,pp.89-126.
    (19)该书全称："A general introduction to Domesday book; accompanied by indexes of the tenants in chief,and under tenants,at the time of the survey:as well as of the holders of lands mentioned in Domesday anterior to the formation of that record:with an abstract of the population of England at the close of the reign of William the Conqueror,so far as the same is actually entered.Illustrated by numerous notes and comments."
    (20)Sir Henry Ellis,A General Introduction to Domesday Book,vol.II,London:G.Eyre & A.Spottiswoode,1833,pp.511-514.
    (21)V.H.Galbraith,Domesday Book:Its Place in Administrative History,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1974,p.132.