(22)F.W.Maitland,Domesday Book and Beyond:Three Essays in the Early History of England,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1907,p.38.
    (23)F.W.Maitland,Domesday Book and Beyond:Three Essays in the Early History of England,p.408.
    (24)F.W.Maitland,Domesday Book and Beyond:Three Essays in the Early History of England,p.437.
    (25)F.W.Maitland,Domesday Book and Beyond:Three Essays in the Early History of England,p.31.
    (26)Paul Vinogradoff,English Society in the Eleventh Century:Essays in English Mediaeval History,Oxford:The Clarendon Press,1908,p.470.
    (27)C.Dyer,"Villeins,Bondmen,Neifs,and Serfs：New Serfdom in England,c.1200-1600," in Paul H.Freedman and Monique Bourin,eds,Forms of Servitude in Northern and Central Europe:Decline,Resistance,and Expansion,Turnhout:Brepols Publishers,2005,pp.420-421.
    (28)“villein”一般译为“维兰”，而不是“贱农”。参见James Westfall Thompson,Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages:300-1300,vol.II,New York:Ungar,1959,pp.746-747.
    (29)C.Dyer,"Villeins,Bondmen,Neifs,and Serfs:New Serfdom in England,c.1200-1600," p.421.
    (30)参见Pierre Bonnassie,From Slavery to Feudalism in South-Western Europe,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991,pp.16-24; Guy Bois,The Transformation of the Year One Thousand:The Village of Lournand from Antiquity to Feudalism,Manchester:Manchester University Press,1992,pp.13-33; Hans-Wenner Goetz,"Serfdom and the Beginnings of a Seigneurial System' in the Carolingian Period:A Survey of the Evidence," Early Medieval Europe,vol.2,no.1,March 1993,pp.29-51.
    (31)汤普逊：《中世纪经济社会史(300-1300年)》(下册)，耿淡如译，北京：商务印书馆，1997年，第384-385页。
    (32)R.H.Hilton,Bond Men Made Free:Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of 1381,London and New York:Routledge,2003,p.57.
    (33)R.H.Hilton,Bond Men Made Free:Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of 1381,p.86.
    (34)M.M.Postan,ed.,The Cambridge Economic History of Europe,vol.I,p.253.
    (35)John Hatcher,"English Serfdom and Villeinage:Towards a Reassessment," Past and Present,no.90(Feb.,1981),p.7.
    (36)R.H.Hilton,Bond Men Made Free:Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of 1381,p.61.
    (37)C.Dyer,"Villeins,Bondmen,Neifs,and Serfs:New Serfdom in England,c.1200-1600," p.425.
    (38)其他数据参见J.H.Burns,ed.,The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought,350-1450,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1988,p.196.
    (39)R.H.Hilton,Bond Men Made Free:Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of 1381,p.61.
    (40)F.Pollock and F.W.Maitland,The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I,vol.I,pp.427-428.
    (41)H.S.Bennett,Life on the English Manor:A Study of Peasant Conditions,1150-1400,p.286.
    (42)H.S.Bennett,Life on the English Manor:A Study of Peasant Conditions,1150-1400,p.286.
    (43)哈罗德·J.伯尔曼：《法律与革命--西方法律传统的形成》，第372、400页。
    (44)Paul Vinogradoff,Villainage in England:Essays in English Mediaeval History,pp.159-160.
    (45)C.Howell,Land,Family and Inheritance in Transition:Kibworth Harcourt,1280-1700,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983,pp.238-239.
    (46)C.Howell,"Peasant Inheritance Customs in the Midlands,1280-1700," in J.Goody,J.Thirsk and E.P.Thompson,eds.,Family and Inheritance:Rural Society in Western Europe 1200-1800,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2008,pp.118-119.