(11) 以上四条铭文史料分别出自H. Wankel,Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Ia(IGSK,11,1),Bonn, 1979,24B; R. Meric et al.,Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Ⅶ,2 (IGSK,17,2),Bonn, 1981,3825;W.Ameling: Die Inschriften von Prusias ad Hypium(IGSK,27),Bonn, 1985, 3.均转引自Ed. Frézouls, “L'hellénisme dans l'épigraphie de l'Asie Mineure romaine,”dans S. Said(ed.),‘EΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΣ。Quelques jalons pour une histoire de l'identité grecque, Leiden, 1991,p.128. (12) L.Moretti,Inscriptiones Graecae Urbis Romae, Roma, 1968-1990,1287,转引自D. Noy, Foreigners at Rome, pp.6,320. (13) Kata Markon 7.26:he de gyne en Hellenis, Syrophoinikissa toi genei.所据希腊语原文的版本为A. Marshall and J. B. Philips(eds.),The Interlinear Greek-English New Testament, London:Samuel Bagster and Sons Limited,1958. (14) Dionysios Halikarnasseus, Rhomaike arkhaiologia 1.89.4. (15) Philostratos, Bioi sophiston 489. (16) 人们普遍认为“金嘴”狄翁(Dion Khrysostomos)的第37篇演说《科林斯演说》(Korinthiakos)实际上是法沃里努斯的作品。此处所引内容见Dion Khrysostomos,37.Korinthiakos 25-27. (17) F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, Berlin: Weidmann Verlag, 1929, S. 263,转引自A. N. Davies,“The Greek Notion of Dialect,”in Th. Harrison(ed.),Greeks and Barbarians, p.162. (18) Ps. Hesiodos, Gynaikon katalogos, Eoiai, Fr. 9, Fr. 10(a)。6-7, 20-24. 其中Fr.10(a)。6-7,20-24系新近发现,转引自J. M. Hall, Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997,p.42. (19) S. Swain, Hellenism and Empire: Language, Classicism, and Power in the Greek World AD 50-250, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996,p.75. (20) J. M. Hall, Hellenicity between Ethnicity and Culture, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2002, pp.225-226. (21) Tatianos, Pros Hellenas 1.1. (22) E. S. Gruen, The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1984,p.356. (23) A. Erskine, “Rome in the Greek World: The Significance of a Name,”in A. Powell(ed.),The Greek World,London and New York: Routledge, 1995,pp.368-383;S. E. Alcock, Graecia Capta: the Landscapes of Roman Greece, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993,pp.181-184. (24) Oracula Sibyllina iii.189;iv.105;iii.470,转引自A. N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980,p.400. (25) A. Wardman, Rome's Debt to Greece, London: Bristol Classical Press, 1976, pp.33,36;J. P.V.D.Balsdon, Romans and Aliens, London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1979, p.30;P.Veyne, “L'identité grecque devant Rome et l'empereur,”Revue des études grecques 112(1999),pp.510-567. (26) Tacitus, Annales 4.14. (27) W. Tarn, Hellenistic Civilisation, London: Edward Arnold & Co.,1953,pp.39-40. (28) 生活在该时期之末的智者兼传记作家菲洛斯特拉托斯(Philostratos)在其《智者传》(Bioi sophiston)中,认为该时期的智者同古典时代的智者之间存在联系。 他又将古典时代的“智者术”(sophistike)区分为“老智者术”(arkhaia sophistike)和“第二智者术”(deutera sophistike)。前者的特点是讨论大的哲学问题,后者是讨论历史发展中的具体问题。参见Philostratos,Bioi sophiston 481,484.现代学者便从菲洛斯特拉托斯那里借用了“第二智者术”一词,并将之略加变通地使用,创出“第二智者时期”这一名词。国内学术界通常将sophistike译作“诡辩术”,但这一译名因充满贬义而无法涵盖sophistike的全部所指,故弃而不用,代之以“智者术”这一具有中性语义的译名。
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