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    (28)Lawrence M.Friedman,Crime and Punishment in American History,p.316.
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    (30)Furman v.Georgia,408 U.S.238,239-240(1972).
    (31)Gregg v.Georgia,428 U.S.153,169,206,207(1976).
    (32)Bureau of Justice Statistics,U.S.Department of Justice,"Number of Persons Executed in the United States,1930-2009."(33)Franklin E.Zimring,The Contradiction of American Capital Punishment,New York:Oxford University Press,2003,pp.16-17,28-29.
    (34)Franklin E.Zimring,The Contradiction of American Capital Punishment,pp.51-63.
    (35)Lockett v.Ohio,438 U.S.586,604(1978).
    (36)Franklin E.Zimring,The Contradiction of American Capital Punishment,p.55.
    (37)Marie Gottschalk,The Prison and Gallows:The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America,New York:Cambridge University Press,2006,pp.165-166.
    (38)Mapp v.Ohio,367 U.S.643(1961).
    (39)Gideon v.Wainwright,372 U.S.335,344(1963).