(40)Samuel Walker,Popular Justice:A History of American Criminal Justice,pp.183-184.
    (41)Miranda v.Arizona,377 U.S.201(1966).
    (42)Ruffin v.Commonwealth,82 Va.(21 Gratt.) 790,796(1871).
    (43)U.S.ex rel.Atterbury v.Ragen,237 F.2d 953,955(7[th] Cir.1956).
    (44)Wolff v.McDonnell,418 U.S.539,555-556(1974).
    (45)Cooper v.Pate,378 U.S.546(1964).
    (46)James Jacobs,"The Prisoners' Rights Movement and Its Impact," Crime and Justice:An Annual Review of Research,vol.2,1980,p.434.
    (47)James Jacobs,"The Prisoners' Rights Movement and Its Impact," p.433.
    (48)Table 5.65.2010:Petitions filed in U.S.District Courts by Federal and State Prisoners,Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Online,accessed November 11,2010,http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/pdf/t5652010/pdf.
    (49)Malcolm M.Feeley and Edward L.Rubin,Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State:How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons,New York:Cambridge University Press,2000,p.40.有关案例参见该书第40页的注释89-94。
    (50)Holt v.Sarver,309 F.Supp.362(Dist.Court,ED Arkansas 1970).
    (51)Malcolm M.Feeley and Edward L.Rubin,Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State:How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons,pp.39-40.
    (52)Illinois v.Gates,462 U.S.213(1983).
    (53)United States v.Leon,468 U.S.897(1984).
    (54)New York v.Quarles,467 U.S.649(1984).
    (55)United States v.Salerno,481 U.S.739(1987).
    (56)Samuel Walker,Popular Justice:A History of American Criminal Justice,p.215.
    (57)Bell v.Wolfish,441 U.S.520,547,548(1979).
    (58)Rhodes v.Chapman,452 U.S.337,347(1981).
    (59)Todd R.Clear,George F.Cole and Michael D.Reisig,American Corrections,Belmont,California:Thomson Learning Inc.,2009,p.114.
    (60)Malcolm M.Feeley and Edward L.Rubin,Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State:How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons,p.48.
    (61)O'Lone v.Estate of Shabazz,482 U.S.342(1987).
    (62)Thornburgh v.Abbott,490 U.S.401(1989).
    (63)Wilson v.Seiter,501 U.S.294,302(1991).
    (64)McCleskey v.Zant,499 U.S.467(1991); Colman v.Thompson,501 U.S.722(1991).
    (65)Malcolm M.Feeley and Edward L.Rubin,Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State:How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons,pp.49-50.
    (66)18 U.S.C.§3626.
    (67)42 U.S.C.§1997e(a).
    (68)42 U.S.C.§1997 e(e).