(68)M.Dijkstra,"A Chief of the Bowmen,Overseer of the Foreign Lands at Serabit el-Khadim(Sinai 300+297) and the 'Dwelling of Sesu'(Tell el-Borg)," in M.Bietak,ed.,gypten und Levante,Vol.XIX,Wien:sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften,2009,S.121-122.
    (69)D.O'Connor and A.Reid,"Introduction-Locating Ancient Egypt in Africa:Modern Theories,Past Realities," in D.O'Connor and A.Reid,eds.,Ancient Egypt in Africa,London:Institute of Archaeology,University College London,2003,pp.17-22.
    (70)C.G.Seligman,Races of Africa,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,1930,pp.34-36; E.R.Sanders,"The Hamitic Hypothesis," The Journal of African History,vol.10,no.4,1969,pp.531-532.
    (71)A.Malamat,"The Conception of Ham and His Sons in the Table of Nations(Gen 10:6-20)," in G.N.Knoppers and A.Hirsch,eds.,Egypt,Israel,and the Ancient Mediterranean World:Studies in Honor of Donald B.Redford,Leiden and Boston:Brill,2004,pp.359-360.
    (72)D.Jeffreys,"Introduction-Two Hundred Years of Ancient Egypt:Modern Theory and Ancient Archaeology," in D.Jeffreys,ed.,Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte:Imperialism,Colonialism and Modern Appropriations,London:Institute of Archaeology,University College London,2003,pp.16-18.20世纪末，德国考古学家在阿比多斯发掘了写有象形符号的标签，并且认为它们的年代大约在公元前3400至前3200年之间。一些非洲中心论者认为这个发现证明了非洲不仅是人类的发祥地而且也是文字的发源地，请参看A.Bekerie,"The Ancient African Past and the Field of African Studies," pp.450-451.
    (73)B.Oyebade,"African Studies and the Afrocentric Paradigm:A Critique," Journal of Black Studies,vol.21,no.2,1990,pp.233-238; V.L.Nobles."Nubia and Egypt:Is it Ella or a Copy?" Journal of Black Studies,vol.26,no.4,1996.pp.443-444.
    (74)T.Adeleke,The Case against Afrocentrism,Jackson:University Press of Mississippi,2009,pp.23-28.
    (75)S.Howe,Afrocentrism:Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes,London:Verso,1998,pp.134-137.值得注意的是，哈马玛特正是皮特里设想来自两河流域的“王朝种族”进入尼罗河谷时穿越的地方。
    (76)迪奥普在其著作(The African Origin of Civilization:Myth or Reality,New York:Lawrence Hill & Co.,1974)的前言第15页说“古代埃及是黑人文明”。
    (77)事实上，尼罗河泛滥水对古代埃及人的生活和来世观念产生了巨大的影响，他们虽然早在古王国时期就已经到第二瀑布以南地区进行贸易活动，但是一直认为尼罗河的源头在阿斯旺附近的第一瀑布。他们想象尼罗河神在那里根据时令让尼罗河水涨落，不仅使得谷物适时地生长和成熟，而且还向人们预示了生命循环的可能性。
    (78)C.A.Diop,Civilization or Barbarism:An Authentic Anthropology,New York:Lawrence Hill Books,1991,p.65.
    (79)H.J.Foster,"The Ethnicity of the Ancient Egyptians," Journal of Black Studies,vol.5,no.2,1974,pp.180-185.
    (80)A.Erman und H.Grapow,eds.,Wrterbuch der gyptischen Sprache,Vol.3,Berlin:Akademie-Verlag,1971,S.488.
    (81)E.Otto und W.Helck,eds.,Lexikon der Agyptologie,Vol.IV,Wiesbaden:Otto Harrassowitz,1982,S.526-527.
    (82)L.Trk,Between Two Worlds:The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700BC-AD500,Leiden and Boston:Brill,2009,pp.12-14.在尼罗河第二瀑布附近的墓中出土的尸体证明，这里的居民与古代埃及人属于不同的种族，见W.Cobb,Jr.,"Out of Africa:The dilemmas of Afrocentricity," The Journal of Negro History,vol.82,no.1,1997,pp.125-128.
    (83)努比亚地区尼罗河水位的偏低不仅使得埃及人对这一区域的殖民没有多大价值，而且也限制了努比亚人口的增长。一直到了罗马帝国末期，随着被称为萨其亚的灌溉技术传入，依靠人工灌溉的种植业才成为可能，人口数量也随之增大。S.T.Smith,Wretched Kush:Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypy's Nubian Empire,London and New York:Routledge,2003,pp.13-18.早期的学者们认为，努比亚人来自埃及的巴达里；最近的考古研究表明，努比亚人并非来自埃及。
    (84)J.Roy,The Politics of Trade:Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC,Leiden and Boston:Brill,2011,pp.1-4.
    (85)A.Erman und H.Grapow,eds.,Wrterbuch der gyptischen Sprache,Vol.1,Berlin:Akademie-Verlag,1971,S.7.