(86)B.G.Trigger and B.R.Trigger,"The Royal Tombs at Qustul and Ballna and Their Merotic Antecedents," The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology,vol.55,1969,pp.117-128.
    (87)B.B.Williams,"The Lost Pharaohs of Nubia," Archaeology,vols.33-35,1980,pp.14-21.此后，不少学者对威廉斯的观点提出了质疑和批评，如W.Y.Adams,"Doubts about the 'Lost Pharaohs,'" Journal of Near Eastern Studies,vol.44,no.3,1985,pp.185-190.但是威廉斯在新近的一篇文章中仍然坚持原来的观点，参见B.B.Williams,"Relations between Egypt and Nubia in the Naqada Period," pp.88-90.
    (88)一个名叫厄尔里的学者在田纳西州具有浓厚黑人传统的菲斯克大学(为美国黑人运动的早期领袖杜波依斯的母校)做访问教授时讲授塞林格的小说《麦田里的守望者》。该小说开篇描写了主人公霍尔顿因为历史课考试未能及格而去见历史教授的情节。考试题目要求学生论述古代埃及人。霍尔顿对古代埃及所知不多，称他们是居住在非洲北部某个地方的高加索人。虽然厄尔里教授解释塞林格的这段情节没有任何种族歧视的意思，在场的黑人学生还是受到了伤害。请见G.Early,"Adventures in the Colored Museum:Afrocentrism,Memory,and the Construction of Race," American Anthropologist,New Series,vol.100,no.3,1998,pp.708-711.有意思的是，非洲中心论和黑人优越论的急先锋迪奥普(出生于塞内加尔一个穆斯林村庄的学者)的博士论文《文明的非洲根源：神话还是史实》(The African Origin of Civilization:Myth or Reality)遭答辩委员会否决的1951年正是塞林格上述小说出版的那一年。
    (89)发掘人员认为墓地的年代大致相当于埃及早王朝。另参见L.Trk,Between Two Worlds:The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC-AD 500,pp.23-27.
    (90)J.Assmann,Stein und Zeit.Mensch und Gesellschaft im alten gypten,München:Wilhelm Fink Verlag,1991,S.21-22.
    (91)根据研究，史前时期整个努比亚地区的人口不会超过4500人，而当时生活在卡斯特尔的居民至多几百人，参见R.S.Bianchi,Daily Life of the Nubians,Westport,Connecticut and London:Greenwood Press,2004,pp.50-53.
    (92)A.J.Peden,The Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt:Scope and Roles of Informal Writings(c.3100-332 B.C.),Leiden and Boston:Brill,2001,pp.1-3.
    (93)J.Roy,The Politics of Trade:Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC,pp.43-46.
    (94)上文提到，原来被认为来自下埃及的红色王冠实际上起源于上埃及。在尼罗河三角洲出土了史前时期画有白色王冠的器物，这说明上埃及的统治者对下埃及的军事行动要比我们想象的早很多。参见A.J.Peden,The Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt:Scope and Roles of Infrormal Writings(c.3100-332 B.C.),p.4.
    (95)在阿斯旺，考古人员发现了属于涅迦达文化二期的遗址，从位置和结构判断，似乎起到了埃及与努比亚贸易桥头堡的作用，而位于阿斯旺以南100千米靠近尼罗河的克尔-达菲德看上去不像是一个永久的定居点，考古人员发掘出大约500个规模很大的坑穴，它们很可能是物质储存库和中转站，见J.Roy,The Politics of Trade:Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC,pp.147-150.
    (96)A.Erman und H.Grapow,eds.,Wrterbuch der gyptischen Sprache,Vol.3,S.488.
    (97)关于古代埃及历史时期的文献所描述的埃及人与努比亚之间的关系，请见金寿福：《古代埃及人的外族观念》，《世界历史》2008年第4期，第16-20页。
    (98)F.Wendorf and R.Schild,"Nabta Playa and Its Role in Northeastern African Prehistory," Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,vol.17,1998,pp.97-102.
    (99)S.Hendrickx and P.Vermeersch,"Prehistory:From the Palaeolithic to the Badarian Culture," in I.Shaw,ed.,The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt,New York:Oxford University Press,2000,pp.18-19.
    (100)C.V.Haynes et al.,"The Prehistory of the Egyptian Sahara," Science,New Series,vol.193,no.4248,1976,pp.103-104.
    (101)K.Nelson and E.Khalifa,"Nabta Playa Black-Topped Pottery:Technological Innovation and Social Change," British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan,vol.16,2010,pp.133-135.
    (102)S.Hendrickx,"Bovines in Egyptian Predynastic and Early Dynastic Iconography," in F.A.Hassan,ed.,Droughts,Food and Culture:Ecological Change and Food Security in Africa's Later Prehistory,pp.275-281.
    (103)K.Nelson and E.Khalifa,"Nabta Playa Black-Topped Pottery:Technological Innovation and Social Change," pp.138-140.
    (104)在达克拉绿洲，考古人员确认了三个遗址，它们的年代大致在纳布塔至第一王朝之间，可以看出古代埃及先民由西向东走向尼罗河谷的足迹。参看A.Gautier,"The Evidence for the Earliest Livestock in North Africa:Or Adventures with Large Bovids,Ovicaprids,Dogs and Pigs," in F.A.Hassan,ed.,Droughts,Food and Culture:Ecological Change and Food Security in Africa's Later Prehistory,pp.209-211.
    (105)第十二王朝的开国君主阿门内海特一世将其登基前说成是经济萧条和道德沦丧的混乱时期，并且把自己刻画为来自南部、受到神启的救世主。