⑩William Cronon,"A Place for Stories:Nature,History,and Narrative," Journal of American History,vol.78,no.4(Mar.1992),pp.1347-1376. (11)Donald Worster,Dust Bowl:The Southern Plains in the 1930s,New York:Oxford University Press,2004; Paul Bonnifield,The Dust Bowl:Men,Dirt,and Depression,Albuquerque,NM.:University of New Mexico Press,1979.这两本著作的叙事风格和结论截然不同:沃斯特将尘暴重灾区的形成视为逐利的资本主义文化所导致的人为的生态灾难,当地人民既是灾难的制造者也是受害者;而博尼菲尔德则将大平原地区的这段经历视为人类战胜自然灾难的英雄史诗。 (12)William Cronon,"The Uses of Environmental History," Environmental History Review,vol.17,no.3(Fall 1993),pp.2-22.“衰败论”的主要观点是:环境随着人类社会的发展而不断恶化。早期环境史作品多以生态灾难为主题,或多或少存在“衰败论”的倾向,其中尤以沃斯特的《尘暴》一书最为典型。 (13)William Cronon,ed.,Uncommon Ground:Toward Reinventing Nature,New York:W.W.Norton & Company,1995,pp.69-90. (14)Richard White,"'Are You an Environmentalist or Do You Work for a Living?':Work and Nature," in William Cronon,ed.,Uncommon Ground:Toward Reinventing Nature,pp.171-183. (15)Robert Gottlieb,Forcing the Spring:The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement,Washington,D.C.:Island Press,1992,p.9. (16)Andrew Hurley,Environmental Inequalities:Class,Race and Industrial Pollution in Gary,Indiana,1945-1980,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1995,Preface,p.xiii. (17)高国荣:《关注城市与环境的公共史学家:安德鲁·赫尔利教授访谈录》,《北大史学》第17辑,北京:北京大学出版社,2012年。 (18)在1996年之前,《环境评论》和《环境史评论》上刊登的标题中含有“印第安人”的论文和书评共计9篇,但标题含“非裔”、“拉美裔”和“亚裔”上述三词任意一个的论文和书评却只有1篇。从1996年以后,这一局面明显改变,从1996-2009年,标题中含“印第安人”的论文和书评共计6篇,但标题含“非裔”、“拉美裔”和“亚裔”上述三词任意一个的论文和书评已达到7篇,其中5篇与黑人有关。相关数据为笔者于2013年1月20日检索JSTOR数据库所得。 (19)Dianne D.Glave and Mark Stoll,eds.,"To Love the Wind and the Rain":African Americans and Environmental History,Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press,2006,p.6. (20)Gunther Peck,"The Nature of Labor:Fault Lines and Common Ground in Environmental and Labor History," Environmental History,vol.11,no.2(April 2006),p.215. (21)Douglas Cazaux Sackman,ed.,A Companion to American Environmental History,Malden,Mass.:Blackwell,2010,p.149. (22)Virginia Scharff,"Are Earth Girls Easy?:Ecofeminism,Women's History and Environmental History," Journal of Women's History,vol.7,no.2(Summer 1995),pp.165-170. (23)Douglas Cazaux Sackman,ed.,A Companion to American Environmental History,p.117. (24)Alan Taylor,"Unnatural Inequalities:Social and Environmental Histories," Environmental History,vol.1,no.4(Oct.1996),pp.8-16.艾伦·泰勒是加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校历史系社会史教授、美国艺术与科学院院士,他的作品曾获班克罗夫特奖和普利策奖。 (25)Stephen Mosley,"Common Ground:Integrating the Social and Environmental in History," Journal of Social History,vol.39,no.3(Spring 2006),p.920. (26)相关数据为笔者于2013年1月10-15日检索JSTOR数据库和Oxford Journals数据库所得。检索词分别为:种族(race)、阶级(class)、性别(gender or women,female.feminist)。 (27)Richard White,"American Environmental History:The Development of a New Historical Field," Pacific Historical Review,vol.54,no.3(Aug.1985),pp.334-335. (28)Richard White,"Environmental History:Watching a Historical Field Mature," Pacific Historical Review,vol.70,no.1(Feb.2001),pp.108-109. (29)Hal Rothman,"Conceptualizing the Real:Environmental History and American Studies," American Quarterly,vol.54,no.3(Sep.2002),pp.493-496. (30)J.唐纳德·休斯:《什么是环境史》,梅雪芹译,北京:北京大学出版社,2008年,第40-46页。
(责任编辑:admin) |