(37)Edith Abbott,Historical Aspects of the Immigration Problem:Selected Documents,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1926,p.13.
    (38)Eric Williams,Capitalism and Slavery,p.10.
    (39)Aaron S.Fogleman,"From Slaves,Convicts,and Servants to Free Passengers," p.47.
    (40)Sharon V.Salinger,"To Serve Well and Faithfully," Labor and Indentured Servants in Pennsylvania,1682-1800,New York:Cambridge University Press,1987,p.3.
    (41)David W.Galenson,White Servitude in Colonial America,pp.89-90.
    (42)Bernard Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America:An Introduction,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1986,pp.20,27-28.
    (43)Don Jordan and Michael Walsh,White Cargo,p.14; Aaron S.Fogleman,"From Slaves,Convicts,and Servants to Free Passengers," p.44.
    (44)Warren M.Billings,The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century:A Documentary History of Viginia,1606-1689,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1975,pp.134-135.
    (45)时人对18世纪中期宾夕法尼亚契约工与雇主之间的雇佣关系评论，参见“Comments of a Swedish Traveler，1748,” in Edith Abbott，Historical Aspects of the Immigration Problem，pp.211-212.
    (46)Peter Clark and David Souden,Migration and Society in Early Modern England,p.155.
    (47)David W.Galenson,White Servitude in Colonial America,p.62; Sharon V.Salinger,"To Serve Well and Faithfully," p.185.
    (48)Peter Wilson Coldham,The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations,1654-1686,Baltimore:Genealogical Publications Co.,1988,pp.124-143.
    (49)Peter Wilson Coldham,Bonded Passengers to America,vol.1,History of Transportation,pp.7-8.
    (50)David W.Galenson,White Servitude in Colonial America,pp.99-100.
    (51)Roger Daniels,Coming to America,p.37.
    (52)Alison Games,Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World,p.78.
    (53)Sharon V.Salinger,"To Serve Well and Faithfully," p.29.
    (54)Susie,M.Ames,ed.,County Court Records of Accomack-Northampton,Virginia,1640-1645,Charlottesville:The University Press of Virginia,1973,pp.419-423.
    (55)Robert J.Steinfeld,The Invention o f Free Labor,p.87.
    (56)关于船毁人亡的资料，参见Klaus J.Bade，Migration in European History，p.86; Peter Wilson Coldham，Bonded Passengers to America，vol.1，pp.39-40.
    (57)David W.Galenson，White Servitude in Colonial America，p.97.
    (58)(61)Robert J.Steinfeld，The Invention of Free Labor，pp.130，131，7.
    (59)据统计，1654-1660年布里斯托尔的3543契约工分别与1022名雇主签署了契约，其中43.8％的雇主购买了1名契约工，18.3％的雇主购买了2名契约工，11％的雇主雇佣的契约工平均为3人。就是说，雇佣契约工不超过3人的雇主占雇主总数的73.1％。David Souden，“‘Rogues，Whores and Vagabonds?’Indentured Servant Emigrants to North America，and the Case of Mid-Seventeenth-Century Bristol，”Social History，vol.3，no.1(Jan.1978)，pp.23-41.http://www.jstor.org/stable/4284770，2008年7月18日。