⑤Don Jordan and Michael Walsh,White Cargo:The Forgotten History of Britain's White Slaves in America,New York:New York University Press,2007; John Wareing,Emigrants to America:Indentured Servants Recruited in London,1718-1733,Baltimore:Genealogical Publishing Co.,1985,pp.7-9; Klaus J.Bade,Migration in European History,Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.,2003,pp.82-83; Daniel Meaders,Eighteenth-Century White Slaves:Fugitive Notices,vol.1:Pennsylvinia,1729-1760,Westport:Greenwood Press,1993,pp.ix-xi.
    ⑥Reginald A.Bray,Boy Labour and Apprenticeship,New York:Garland Publishing Inc.,1980,pp.1-2.
    ⑦1600-1800年英国人口增长了一倍以上，是欧洲各国最高的。参见Roderick Floud and Paul Johnson，eds.，The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain，Volume I:Industrialisation，1700-1860，Cambridge:Cambridge University Press，2004，p.64.
    ⑧Leslie Page Moch,Moving Europeans:Migration in Western Europe Since 1650,Bloomington:Indiana University Press,2003,p.55.
    ⑨P.J.Corfield,The Impact of English Towns:1700-1800,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1982,p.102.
    ⑩ Robert J.Steinfeld,The Invention of Free Labor:The Employment Relation in English and American Law and Culture,1350-1870,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1991,p.31.
    (11)John Pound,Poverty and Vagrancy in Tudor England,London:Longman Group,Ltd.,1971,pp.3,6.
    (12)Reginald A.Bray,Boy Labour and Apprenticeship,pp.14-15.
    (13)1562年法实施后，契约工成为近代英国转型期重要的劳动力来源。17世纪30年代，契约工占英国15-24岁劳工中的60％，其中近50％属年度性农业工。到18世纪，契约工占英国农业劳动力1/3到1/2，有些地区高达1/2以上。到19世纪末，与主人居住在一起的契约工占伦敦劳动力的16.6％、爱丁堡的19％、阿伯丁的23％、珀斯的18％。参见Alison Games，Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World，Cambridge：Harvard University Press，1999，p.74；David W.Galenson，White Servitude in Colonial America，p.7；R.W.Breach and R.M.Hartwell，eds.，British Economy and Society 1870-1970：Documents，Descriptions，Statistics，Oxford：Oxford University Press，1972，pp.75，322-323.
    (14)James Curtis Ballagh,White Servitude in the Colony of Virginia:A Study of the System of Indentured Labor in the American Colonies,New York:Burt Franklin,1969,pp.14-15.
    (15)James Curtis Ballagh,White Servitude in the Colony of Virginia:A Study of the System of Indentured Labor in the American Colonies,pp.22,44-45; Jeremy Black,ed.,The Atlantic Slave Trade,Volume Ⅱ:Seventeenth Century,Burlington,VT.:Ashgate Publishing Company,2006,pp.311-312.
    (16)John Gorham Palfrey,A Compendious History of New England from the Discovery by Europeans to the First General Congress of the Anglo-American Colonies,vol.1,Boston:Houghton,Mifflin and Company,1873,pp.105-106.
    (17)David W.Galenson,White Servitude in Colonial America:An Economic Analysis,New York:Cambridge University Press,1981,p.118.
    (18)Warren B.Smith,White Servitude in Colonial South Carolina,Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,1961,pp.28,30-32,52-53.
    (19)Benjamin Martyn,"An Account of Shewing the Progress of the Colony of Georgia in America from Its First Establishment,1741," in Mark M.Smith,ed.,Slavery in North America:From the Colonial Period to Emancipation,Volume 1,The Colonial Period,London:Pickering and Chatto(Publishers)Limited，2009，pp.269，275，280；梁茂信：《美国移民政策研究》，长春：东北师范大学出版社，1996年，第17-19页。