⑤北美毛皮贸易史的研究成果非常丰富，保罗·菲利普斯的《毛皮贸易》(Paul Chrisler Phillips,The Fur Trade,Norman:University of Oklahoma Press,1961)对北美毛皮贸易的变迁进行了细致探讨，具有较高参考价值。关于加拿大毛皮贸易最经典的著作，莫过于著名经济史学家哈罗德·因尼斯的《加拿大毛皮贸易：加拿大经济史导论》(Harold A.Innis,The Fur Trade in Canada:An Introduction to Canadian Economic History,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1956)。加拿大西部史学家E.E.里奇在毛皮贸易研究方面也颇有建树，其《哈德逊湾公司史》(E.E.Rich,Hudson's Bay Company 1670-1870,New York:The Macmillan Company,1961)对哈德逊湾公司的早期活动进行了详细梳理。关于美国毛皮贸易的著作也很多，著名史学家海勒姆·马丁·奇腾登的《美国远西部毛皮贸易》(Hiram Martin Chittenden,The American Fur Trade of the Far West,Stanford:Academic Reprints,1954)对美国西部毛皮贸易的兴衰进行了深入分析，其成果至今仍为学者们广为借鉴。理查德·麦凯的《大山以西的交易：1793-1843年英国在太平洋的毛皮贸易》(Richard Somerset Mackie,Trading Beyond the Mountains:The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793-1843,Vancouver:University of British Columbia Press,1997)对西北公司和哈德逊湾公司为首的英国毛皮贸易商在北美西北地区的活动进行了研究。詹姆斯·吉布森的《海獭皮、波士顿商船与中国商品：1785-1841年西北沿岸海上毛皮贸易》(James R.Gibson,Otter Skins,Boston Ships,and China Goods:The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast,1785-1841,Montreal:McGill-Queens University Press,1992)则是研究西北海岸海獭皮贸易的优秀作品。虽然研究成果非常丰富，但毛皮贸易与俄勒冈争端相互脱节的问题并没有引起学者们的注意。
    ⑥根据美国著名历史学家弗雷德雷克·特纳(Frederick Jackson Turner)的边疆理论，美国历史上存在一条从东向西不断移动的边疆。所谓边疆，既可以指“文明”与“野蛮”交界处的一片区域，也可以指一种经济发展模式，如农业边疆、毛皮边疆、矿业边疆等。本文采用的边疆一词，主要指北美西部开发史上的一种经济发展模式。关于特纳的边疆理论，参见Frederick Jackson Turner,The Frontier in American History,New York:Henry Holt and Company,1921.
    ⑦John Meares,Voyages Made in the Years 1788 and 1789,From China to the North West Coast of America,London:J.Walter,1790,p.241.
    ⑧Meriwether Lewis and William Clark,edited by Bernard Devoto,The Journals of Lewis and Clark,Boston:Houghton-Mifflin Company,1997,p.326.
    ⑨Nathaniel Portlock,A Voyage Round the World,but More Particularly to the North-West Coast of America,London:Printed for John Stockdale and George Goulding,1789,p.382.
    ⑩Peter Lauridsen,Vitus Bering:The Discoverer of Bering Strait,Chicago:S.C.Griggs & Company,1889,pp.177-178.
    (11)James R.Gibson,Otter Skins,Boston Ships,and China Goods:The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast,1785-1841,p.13.
    (12)James R.Gibson,"The Russian Fur Trade," in Carol M.Judd and Arthur J.Ray,eds.,Old Trails and New Directions:Papers of the Third North American Fur Trade Conference,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1980,pp.217-230.
    (13)关于俄美公司的历史变迁，参见P.A.Tikhmenev,A History of the Russian-American Company,ed.and trans.Richard A.Pierce and Alton S.Donnelly,Seattle:University of Washington Press,1978,partⅠ,chapter l-5.
    (14)John Barrow,The Life,Voyages,and Exploits of Admiral Sir Francis Drake,London:John Murray,1843,pp.132-151.
    (15)James Cook and James King,A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean,vol.Ⅱ,London:W.and A.Strahan,1784,pp.270,278.
    (16)James Cook and James King,A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean,vol.Ⅲ,London:W.and A.Strahan,1784,p.437.
    (17)Nathaniel Portlock,A Voyage Round the World,but More Particularly to the North-West Coast of America,p.4.
    (18)James R.Gibson,Otter Skins,Boston Ships,and China Goods:The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast,1785-1841,p.18.
    (19)William Ray Manning,The Nootka Sound Controversy,Washington,D.C.:Government Printing Office,1904,pp.469-470.
    (20)H.W.Scott,"Beginnings of Oregon:Exploration and Early Settlement at the Mouth of the Columbia River," The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society,vol.5,no.2(Jun.1904),p.103.
    (21)John Meares,Voyages Made in the Years 1788 and 1789,From China to the North West Coast of America,p.167.
    (22)Paul Chrisler Phillips,The Fur Trade,vol.Ⅱ,p.57.
    (23)Benjamin Morrell,A Narrative of Four Voyages to the South Sea,North and South Pacific Ocean,New York:J.J.Harper,1832,p.130.
    (24)James R.Gibson,Otter Skins,Boston Ships,and China Goods:The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast,1785-1841,p.62.
    (25)Gordon Charles Davidson,The North West Company,Berkeley:University of California Press,1918,pp.9-11.