(11)加喜特人是一支种属未定的外来民族,大概在古巴比伦时期以前以和平的方式进入巴比伦尼亚,继阿摩利人之后成为该地区的主宰。(W.Sommerfeld,"The Kassites of Ancient Mesopotamia:Origins,Politics and Culture," in J.M.Sasson,ed.,Civilizations of the Ancient Near East,vol.2,New York:Charles Scribner's Son,1995,pp.917-929) (12)Hanoch Reviv,"Kidinnu:Observations on Privileges of Mesopotamian Cities," p.289.不过,亚述帝国时期,kidinnu特权不仅指城市居民赋役的免除,而且包括允许被放逐者回归、释放战俘和债务奴隶、给衣不蔽体者衣物等。(Moshe Weinfeld,Social Justice in Ancient Israel and in the Ancient Near East,p.109) (13)乌鲁卡基那的改革铭文写道:“恩利尔(Enlil)的勇士宁吉尔苏(Ningirsu)神把拉格什的王权授予从芸芸众生中挑选出来的乌鲁卡基那后,乌鲁卡基那执行他的主人宁吉尔苏的命令,恢复了昔日的制度:他把船夫头目调离了船只,把掌管牲畜的官员调离了驴和绵羊;他命令渔夫的监督不再征收鱼(税),命令仓库的监督不再征收除魔祭司的大麦(税);他废除了(法官要求)支付银子代替交纳白色的绵羊和羔羊(的做法),他(还)取消了神庙的管理者向王室交纳的贡品。”(Douglas R.Frayne,The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia:Early Periods,vol 1,Presargonic Period(2700-2350 BC),Toronto,Buffalo and London:University of Toronto Press,1998,E.1.9.9.1:vii 29-ix 6)本文所引文本文献中括号里的内容系笔者根据上下文做的补充,否则,相关语句将无法理解。另外,本文所引文本文献均按照亚述学惯例标注文献的编号及其行数而非页码,杂志刊发的文本文献则标注页码及其行数。 (14)ilku一般指古代两河流域的土地保有者对国家应尽的一种义务,既可能是兵役,又可能是劳役,还可以交纳实物代役。(A.Leo Oppenheim et al.,eds.,The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,vol.I-J,Chicago:The Oriental Institute,1960,pp.73-80)亚述帝国时期,一些没有占有土地的人员、征服地区居民也需要履行ilku义务。参见J.N.Postgate,Taxation and Conscription in the Assyrian Empire,pp.63-93. (15)参见E.Sollberger,"The Cruciform Monument," Jaarbericht van her Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap "Ex Oriente Lux",vol.20-23,1967-1974,pp.56-57:121-138. (16)Douglas R.Frayne,The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia:Early Periods,vol.4,Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595BC),Toronto,Buffalo and London:University of Toronto Press,1990,E.4.1.4.5:1-14,E4.1.4.6:ii 1-12. (17)库里伽尔祖一世的一篇铭文写道:“为了眷顾其王朝的马尔都克神,他确认了巴比伦城居民的kidinnu特权,免除了其居民的ilku义务。”(P.A.Boissier,"Documents Cassite,"Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale,vol.29,no.2,1932,p.96:13-14) (18)“纳鲁”以前多称为“库杜鲁”(kudurru),意思是“界碑石”或“界标”等。(A.Leo Oppenheim et al.,eds.,The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,vol.K,Chicago:The Oriental Institute and Glückstadt:J.J.Augustin Verlagsbuchhandung,1971,pp.495-496) (19)Kathryn E.Slanski,The Babylonian Entitlement (Kudurrus):A Study in Their Form and Function,Boston:American Schools of Oriental Research,2003,pp.287-289. (20)Kathryn E.Slanski,The Babylonian Entitlement (Kudurrus):A Study in Their Form and Function,p.84. (21)L.Kataja and R.M.Whiting,Grants,Decrees and Gifts of the Neo-Assyrian Period,Helsinki:Helsinki University Press,1995,1:3-4. (22)亚述学界一般用“x”表示一个破损的楔形文字符号,但是,考虑到汉语与阿卡德语的区别,笔者用“□”代替“x”。 (23)古代两河流域的面积单位。(A.Leo Oppenheim et al.,eds.,The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,vol.I-J,pp.110-114) (24)L.Kataja and R.M.Whiting,Grants,Decrees and Gifts of the Neo-Assyrian Period,6:4-r.2. (25)sattukku源于苏美尔语,既可以指食物配额,也可以指定期向神灵奉献的供品。(Erica Reiner et al.,eds.,The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,vol.S,Chicago:The Oriental Institute and Glückstadt:J.J.Augustin Verlagsbuchhandung,1984,pp.198-201) (26)L.Kataja and R.M.Whiting,Grants,Decrees and Gifts of the Neo-Assyrian Period,19:23-26. (27)L.Kataja and R.M.Whiting,Grants,Decrees and Gifts of the Neo-Assyrian Period,6:r.3-r.5,13:r.1-r.2. (28)M.deJ Ellis,Agriculture and the State in Ancient Mesopotamia:An Introduction to Problems of Land Tenure,Philadelphia:University of Museum,1976,pp.102,138-145. (29)参见J.N.Postgate,Taxation and Conscription in the Assyrian Empire,pp.174-199. (30)L.Kataja and R.M.Whiting,Grants,Decrees and Gifts of the Neo-Assyrian Period,p.XXII.
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