(51)Woody Holton,Forced Founders:Indians,Debtors,Slaves,and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1999,pp.xiii-xxi.
    (52)Nash,The Unknown American Revolution,pp.46-47,55.
    (53)Nash,The Unknown American Revolution,p.100; Breen,American Insurgents,American Patriots,pp.43-44.
    (54)Michael A.McDonnell,The Politics of War:Race,Class,& Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,2007,pp.1-15.
    (55)Alan Taylor,Liberty Men and Great Proprietors:The Revolutionary Settlement on the Maine Frontier,1760-1820,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1990; Bouton,Taming Democracy; Woody Holton,Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution,New York:Hill and Wang,2007.
    (56)Ray Raphael,A People's History of the American Revolution:How Common People Shaped the Fight for Independence,New York:New Press,2001,pp.i,301.
    (57)Charles S.Olton,Artisans for Independence:Philadelphia Mechanics and the American Revolution,Syracuse:Syracuse University Press,1975,pp.x,96,115-120.
    (58)Nash,Race and Revolution,p.4; Gary B.Nash,"Introduction," in Benjamin Quarles,The Negro in the American Revolution,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1996,pp.xiii-xvii.
    (59)Quarles,The Negro in the American Revolution,pp.xxvii-xxx,32.
    (60)Benjamin Quarles,"The Revolutionary War as a Black Declaration of Independence," in Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman,eds.,Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution,Charlottesville:The University Press of Virginia,1983,pp.283-285,290-291,293-294.
    (61)Nash,The Unknown American Revolution,p.162.
    (62)Sylvia R.Frey,Water from the Rock:Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age,Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1991,pp.4,326.
    (63)Young,Nash,and Raphael,eds.,The Revolutionary Founders,pp.305-306.
    (64)Gary B.Nash,Forging Freedom:The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community,1720-1840,Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1988,p.38.
    (65)Nash,Race and Revolution,pp.3-7,57-58.
    (66)David Brion Davis,The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution,1770-1823,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1975,p.256.
    (67)Douglas R.Egerton,Death or Liberty:African Americans and Revolutionary America,New York:Oxford University Press,2009,pp.13-14,281.
    (68)Berlin and Hoffman,eds.,Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution,p.xv.
    (69)Barbara Graymont,The Iroquois in the American Revolution,Syracuse:Syracuse University Press,1972; James H.O' Donnell,III,The Southern Indians in the American Revolution,Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press,1973.
    (70)Colin G.Calloway,The American Revolution in Indian Country:Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995,pp.xii-xiii,292.